REFORMULASI MAQĀṢID AL-SYARĪ’AH KONTEMPORER: SISTEM NILAI SEBAGAI TAWARAN JASSER AUDA MENUJU HUKUM ISLAM HUMANIS

Abstract

Abstrak

Tulisan ini merupakan studi tokoh pemikiran Jasser Auda yang menawarkan maqāṣid al-syarī’ah dengan pendekatan sistem. Tawaran yang dihasilkan Auda merupakan hasil dialektika ilmu pengetahuan dengan realitas yang dihadapi umat manusia di era kontemporer. Alasan penulis memilih Jasser Auda tidak lebih karena  integritas ketokohan Jasser Auda sebagai pionir maqāṣid al-syarī’ah era kontemporer dan juga buku-bukunya yang dijadikan rujukan akademisi di perguruan tinggi. Dalam tulisan ini peneliti akan mengkritisi pemikiran Jasser Auda dan menenemukan dinamika formulasi menuju reformulasi maqāṣid al-syarī’ah di era kontemporer. Peneliti penyimpulkan bahwa terdapat tiga reformulasi yang digagas oleh Auda, yaiti 1). Maqāṣid yang berupa pengembangan (development), dan hak (right) yang keduanya menyasar sumber daya manusia (human resources), 2). Hak Asasi Manusia merupakan landasan dalam menyusun tipologi teori hukum Islam kontemporer, 3). Sistem hukum Islam yang berbasis maqāṣid al-syarī’ah dengan mengandalkan watak kognitif hukum Islam (cognitive nature), kemenyeluruhan sistem hukum Islam (wholeness), keterbukaan sistem hukum Islam (openness), interelasi hierarki sistem hukum Islam (interrelated hierarchy), multidimensi sistem hukum Islam (multi-dimensionality), tujuan sistem hukum Islam (porposefulness) sebagai fitur-fitur sistem. Peneliti juga menemukan adanya relevansi-internalisasi bangunan maqāṣid al-syarī’ah untuk mewujudkan hukum Islam yang humanis

Kata kunci: Maqāṣid Al-Syarī’ah, Jasser Auda, Humanist Islamic Law

Abstract

This paper is a study of the thought leader Jasser Auda who offers maqāṣid al-syarī'ah using a systems approach. Auda’s offer is the result of the dialectics of science and reality faced by humanity in the contemporary era. The researcher’s reason for choosing Jasser Auda is nothing more than the integrity of Jasser Auda's character as a pioneer of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah in the contemporary era and also his books which are used as references for academics in universities. In this paper, researchers will criticize Jasser Auda's thinking and find the dynamics of the formulation towards the reformulation of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah in the contemporary era. The researcher concludes that there are three reformulations initiated by Auda, namely 1). Maqāṣid in the form of development and rights, both of which target human resources, 2). Human rights as one of the foundations in compiling contemporary Islamic legal theory typology, 3). An Islamic legal system based on maqāṣid al-syarī'ah by relying on the cognitive nature of Islamic law (cognitive nature), the wholeness of the Islamic legal system (wholeness), the openness of the Islamic legal system (openness), the interrelated hierarchies of the Islamic legal system (interrelated hierarchies), the multidimensional system Islamic law (multi-dimensionality), the purpose of the Islamic legal system (purposefulness) as system features. The researcher also found that there is a relevance-internalization of the maqāṣid al-syarī'ah building to realize humanist Islamic law.

Keywords: Maqāṣid Al-Syarī’ah, Jasser Auda, Humanist Islamic Law