Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

1. Publication and Ownership

• All submitted manuscripts must undergo a rigorous peer-review process involving at least two reviewers who are experts in the relevant field or subject matter.
• The review process is conducted anonymously (blind peer review).
• Manuscripts are evaluated based on relevance, originality, clarity, novelty, interest, and language quality.
• The possible outcomes of the review are: accepted, accepted with revisions, or rejected.
• If the manuscript requires revision or resubmission, authors are expected to make the necessary changes promptly.
• Rejected manuscripts will not be re-reviewed.
• Manuscript acceptance is subject to legal requirements regarding defamation, copyright infringement, and plagiarism.
• Manuscripts must not be submitted to more than one publication simultaneously.

1. Duties and Responsibilities of Authors

• Authors must declare that their work is original.
• Authors must confirm that the manuscript has not been published elsewhere.
• Authors must affirm that the manuscript is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
• Authors must participate in the peer-review process.
• Authors are responsible for correcting any errors or inaccuracies.
• All listed authors must have made significant contributions to the research.
• Authors must ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the data presented.
• Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest.
• Authors must properly cite all sources and references used.
• Authors must notify the editor of any significant errors discovered in their published work.

1. Duties and Responsibilities of Reviewers

• Reviewers must treat all manuscript information as confidential.
• Reviewers must review manuscripts objectively and avoid personal criticism.
• Reviewers should provide clear, constructive feedback supported by sound arguments.
• Reviewers should point out relevant prior work not cited by the authors.
• Reviewers must inform the editor of any significant similarities or overlap with other published works.
• Reviewers must not review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest due to competition, collaboration, or any other connection with the authors, companies, or institutions associated with the manuscript.

1. Duties and Responsibilities of Editors

• Editors have full authority and responsibility to accept or reject a manuscript.
• Editors are responsible for the overall content and quality of the publication.
• Editors must consider the needs of readers and authors in working to improve the journal.
• Editors must ensure the quality and academic integrity of all published content.
• Editors must publish corrections or retractions when necessary.
• Editors should have a clear understanding of research funding sources.
• Editorial decisions must be based solely on the importance, originality, clarity, and relevance of the manuscript to the journal’s scope.
• Editors must not override or reverse decisions made by other editors without serious justification.
• Editors must maintain reviewer confidentiality.
• Editors must ensure that all published research complies with internationally accepted ethical standards.
• Editors should only accept a manuscript when they are confident in its quality and validity.
• Editors must act upon suspected misconduct, whether the manuscript is published or not, and take reasonable steps to resolve the issue.
• Editors must not reject a manuscript solely based on suspicion—they must have evidence of misconduct.

Editors must prevent conflicts of interest involving staff, authors, reviewers, and journal stakeholders.