The Contestation of Maqasid al-Shari’ah Interpretation in Cassation Decision Number 386 K/AG/2024: Between the Istislahi Method and the Principle of Izalat al-Darar

Ilham Roozman; Muchlis Bahar; Elfia Elfia

doi:10.47498/maqasidi.v6i1.5917

Authors

Ilham Roozman UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Muchlis Bahar UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Elfia Elfia UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47498/maqasidi.v6i1.5917

Keywords:

Maqasid al-Sharia, Divorce, Religious Courts, Izālat al-Dharar, Istislah

Abstract

Marriage in Islam aims to realize sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah, but reality often shows the occurrence of domestic conflicts that lead to divorce. Religious Courts in Indonesia have the authority to resolve divorce cases based on positive law as well as the principle of maqasid al-shari'ah. This article aims to analyze comparatively the application of maqasid in three levels of divorce decisions, namely the Bukittinggi Religious Court (No. 509/Pdt.G/2023/PA. Bkt), Padang High Court of Religion (No. 71/Pdt.G/2023/PTA. Pdg), and the Supreme Court (No. 386 K/Ag/2024). This research uses a normative juridical method with a literature approach, sourced from court decisions, books, journals, and previous research, and analyzed through comparative methods. The results of the study show that the Religious Court and the High Court of Religion emphasize the principle of izālat al-dharar (removing harm) to protect the wife from repeated domestic quarrels, based on the principle of lā ḍarar wa lā ḍirār. On the contrary, the Supreme Court emphasized the istislah (public good) approach by rejecting divorce because the conflict is considered not to meet the requirements for broken marriage according to SEMA guidelines, as well as to maintain sharia goals in the form of hifz al-nasl and hifz al-usrah. This study concludes that there is a dialectic of maqasid interpretation in the practice of religious justice, which shows the methodological tension between the protection of the individual and the preservation of family institutions.

References

Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Pub. L. No. 386 K/Ag/2024, 3348 1 (2024).

Aibak, K. (2013). Penalaran Istislahi sebagai Metode Pembaharuan Hukum Islam. In Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam (Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 169–182). https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v7i2.562

Alamudi, I. A., Suriyadi, S., Utami, M. A., & Ramadhani, S. R. (2025). Studi Qawaid Fiqhiyyah: Aspek Ibadat dan Muamalat dalam Kaidah La Dharara Wa La Dhirar. Qonun Iqtishad EL Madani Journal, 4(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.55438/jqim.v4i1.140

Aminah, S., & Rafsanjani, O. (2023). Implementasi Restorative Justice Untuk Menanggulangi Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga: Antara Konsep dan Praktik. Restorative : Journal of Indonesian Probation and Parole System, 1(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.61682/restorative.v1i1.7

Asiah, N. (2016). Istishlah Dan Aplikasinya Dalam Penetapan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Hukum Diktum, 14(2), 147–160.

Asni, A. (2014). Pertimbangan Maslahat Dalam Putusan Perceraian Akibat Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Di Pengadilan Agama. AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 17(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v17i1.1247

Aziz, M. A., Rahmawati, R., Salma, S., & Bakhtiar, B. (2024). Analisis Yurisprudensi Putusan Pengadilan Agama: Gugatan Perceraian Karena Tidak Memiliki Keturunan. FiTUA: Jurnal Studi Islam, 5(2), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.47625/fitua.v5i2.592

Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, Pub. L. No. 509/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Bkt (2023).

Kushidayati, L. (2014). Legal Reasoning Perempuan dalam Perkara Gugat Cerai di Pengadilan Agama Kudus Tahun 2014. Yudisia, 6(1), 141–159.

Marzuki, Basri, R., & Rahmawati. (2024). Analisis Putusan Hakim Terhadap Hak Isrti Dalam Perkata Cerai Gugat Nomor 333/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Mmj di Pengadilan Agama Mamuju. JURNAL Hukamaa, 3(1), 50–69.

Mustofa, A., & Wibawa, I. (2024). Tinjauan Maqashid Asy-Syari’ah Terhadap Perceraian Karena Alasan Ekonomi. Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 10(2), 146–165.

Direktori Putusan Agung Republik Indonesia Pengadilan Tinggi Agama Padang, Pub. L. No. 71/Pdt.G/2023/PTS.Pdg (2023).

Risa, Y. (2018). Tinjauan Yuridis Faktor Penyebab Cerai Gugat Di Pengadilan Agama Kelas II Kota Solok Tahun 2017. Lex Librum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4(2), 701–713.

Saraswati, P. S., & Susrama, I. N. (2023). Kekuatan Pembuktian Keterangan Saksi Korban Kekerasan Psikis Dalam Pengaturan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga. Jurnal Analisis Hukum, 6(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.38043/jah.v6i1.4197

Sikti, A. S. (2009). Fiqih al-Dharar dan Pemahaman Hakim Pengadilan Agama.

Silsilu, D. B. (2024). Assessing the Istislahiah Method in Islamic law: Study of The Utilization of Science in Ushul Fiqh in The Context of Indonesian Fiqh. Indonesian Journal of Law and Islamic Law (IJLIL), 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.35719/ijlil.v6i1.314

Wahid, Z. U., Rodafi, D., & Hasan, N. (2021). Konsep Maqashid Kontemporer Ibnu Asyur dan Al-Fasii. Hikmatina: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Keluarga Islam, 3(2), 99–108.

Waspada, R. J. S., & Kharisma, D. B. (2020). Kajian Yuridis Pengaturan Hak Asuh Anak Sebagai Akibat Perceraian Dari Perkawinan Campuran Ditinjau Dari Hukum Perdata Internasional. Jurnal Privat Law, 8(1), 124. https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v8i1.40385

Wijaya, M., Pratomo, B., Citta, A. B., & Efendi, S. (2025). Buku Referensi Metodologi Penelitian Kombinasi Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Mixed Methods. PT. Media Penerbit Indonesia.