Hak Pilih Perempuan Dalam Sistem Demokrasi dan Hukum Tata Negara Islam
Abstract
Women's voting rights are part of human rights guaranteed by modern democratic systems and the Indonesian Constitution. However, women's political participation is often hindered by social, cultural, and conservative religious interpretations. This article aims to analyze women's suffrage from two perspectives: the constitutional democratic system and Islamic constitutional law. The study employs a normative-juridical approach through literature review of both positive legal documents and classical as well as contemporary Islamic texts. The findings show that the Indonesian Constitution—particularly the 1945 Constitution and the Election Law—ensures equal political rights without gender discrimination. From the Islamic perspective, although some classical scholars rejected women's political roles based on certain hadiths, many contemporary scholars permit their participation based on maqasid al-shari'ah, such as justice and public interest (maslahah). Islamic history also records women's involvement in significant events like the Pledges of Aqabah and Ridwan. This article recommends a contextual reinterpretation of religious texts so they do not become barriers to women's political engagement. Thus, women's suffrage can be legitimately accepted in both the constitutional democratic system and a progressive, inclusive interpretation of Islamic constitutional law.
References
Al-Awwa, M. S. (2002). Fi al-Nizam al-Siyasi li al-Daulah al-Islamiyyah. Beirut: al-Muassasah al-Jami‘iyyah.
Al-Bukhari, M. I. I. (n.d.). Shahih al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Fitan, Hadis No. 7099.
Al-Qur’an. QS. Al-Mumtahanah: 12.
An-Na’im, A. A. (1990). Toward an Islamic Reformation: Civil Liberties, Human Rights, and International Law. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Az-Zuhaili, W. (1998). Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuh, Juz VI. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Az-Zuhaili, W. (2006). Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu, Jilid VIII. Damaskus: Daral-Fikr.
Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Hasan, N. (2009). Islam, State and Society in Indonesia: Local Politics in Madura. Leiden: ISIM & Amsterdam University Press.
Kamali, M. H. (2008). Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence. Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society.
Kamali, M. H. (2008). Shari'ah Law: An Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
KPU. (2019). Data Statistik Pemilu 2019. Jakarta: Komisi Pemilihan Umum.
MUI. (2015). Himpunan Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia. Jakarta: Sekretariat MUI Pusat.
Nurhasim, M. (2020). Partisipasi Politik Perempuan: Antara Hambatan Struktural dan Kultural. Jakarta: LIPI Press.
Qaradawi, Y. (1997). Min Fiqh al-Daulah fi al-Islam. Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah.
Rahman, F. (1982). Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Republik Indonesia. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Republik Indonesia. (2017). Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2017 No. 182.
Siregar, W. Z. (2012). “Gender Quotas in Indonesia: Lessons from the 2004 Election.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 48(1), 149–152.
Wadud, A. (1999). Qur’an and Woman: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Woman’s Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wijaya, M., Pratomo, B., Citta, A. B., & Efendi, S. (2025). Metodologi Penelitian: Kombinasi Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Mixed Methods. PT. Media Penerbit Indonesia.
Zaidan, A. K. (2001). Al-Mufasshal fi Ahkam al-Mar’ah wa al-Bayt al-Muslim, Jilid VIII. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risalah.
